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Dazzle camouflage, also known as razzle dazzle (in the U.S.) or dazzle painting, is a family of ship camouflage that was used extensively in World War I, and to a lesser extent in World War II and afterwards.
World War II US Navy dazzle camouflage measures 31, 32 and 33: destroyers. Dazzle camouflage of warships was adopted by the U.S. Navy during World War II, following research at the Naval Research Laboratory. Dazzle consists in painting obtrusive patterns on vertical surfaces.
A dazzle pattern of blues, grays and whites applied only to USS Santee, USS Augusta, and USS Chicopee; Measure 17 was the prototype for the later dazzle Measures 31, 32 and 33. USS Santee wearing measure 17.
World War II US Navy dazzle camouflage measures 31, 32 and 33: cruisers. Dazzle camouflage of warships was adopted by the U.S. Navy during World War II, following research at the Naval Research Laboratory. Dazzle consists in painting obtrusive patterns on vertical surfaces.
In April 1917, when German U-boats were sinking many British ships with torpedoes, the marine artist Norman Wilkinson devised dazzle camouflage, which paradoxically made ships more visible but harder to target.
World War II US Navy dazzle camouflage measures 31, 32 and 33: aircraft carriers. Dazzle camouflage of warships was adopted by the U.S. Navy during World War II, following research at the Naval Research Laboratory. Dazzle consists in painting obtrusive patterns on vertical surfaces.
Ship camouflage was used in earnest by the British Admiralty in the First World War. The marine artist Norman Wilkinson led research into dazzle camouflage, resulting in the painting of thousands of British and later American ships in dazzle patterns.
Motion camouflage is camouflage which provides a degree of concealment for a moving object, given that motion makes objects easy to detect however well their coloration matches their background or breaks up their outlines.
Distractive camouflage marks are sometimes called dazzle markings, but the mechanism differs from motion dazzle, which relies on conspicuous markings to interfere with an observer's ability to estimate the target's speed and direction.
The mechanisms of dazzle camouflage are unclear and have not been demonstrated scientifically, but it was intended to cause the enemy to take up a poor firing position, whether by making an error in estimating the target ship's speed (as with false painted bow waves) or heading (as with a false bow created by breaks in the dazzle pattern).
