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In evidence-based medicine, likelihood ratios are used for assessing the value of performing a diagnostic test. They use the sensitivity and specificity of the test to determine whether a test result usefully changes the probability that a condition (such as a disease state) exists.
Humphrey field analyser ( HFA) is a tool for measuring the human visual field that is commonly used by optometrists, orthoptists and ophthalmologists, particularly for detecting monocular visual field. [1] The results of the analyser identify the type of vision defect. Therefore, it provides information regarding the location of any disease ...
Test of. Cognitive skill. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment ( MoCA) is a widely used screening assessment for detecting cognitive impairment. [1] It was created in 1996 by Ziad Nasreddine in Montreal, Quebec. It was validated in the setting of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and has subsequently been adopted in numerous other clinical settings.
Sensitivity (true positive rate) is the probability of a positive test result, conditioned on the individual truly being positive. Specificity (true negative rate) is the probability of a negative test result, conditioned on the individual truly being negative.
The results of each activity are scored to give a total score out of 100 (18 points for attention, 26 for memory, 14 for fluency, 26 for language, 16 for visuospatial processing). The score needs to be interpreted in the context of the patient's overall history and examination, but a score of 88 and above is considered normal; below 83 is ...
The Rorschach test is a projective psychological test in which subjects' perceptions of inkblots are recorded and then analyzed using psychological interpretation, complex algorithms, or both. Some psychologists use this test to examine a person's personality characteristics and emotional functioning.
The test statistic, , is equivalent to the statistic that would be produced by such an ANOVA, and is defined as follows: W = ( N − k ) ( k − 1 ) ⋅ ∑ i = 1 k N i ( Z i ⋅ − Z ⋅ ⋅ ) 2 ∑ i = 1 k ∑ j = 1 N i ( Z i j − Z i ⋅ ) 2 , {\displaystyle W={\frac {(N-k)}{(k-1)}}\cdot {\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{k}N_{i}(Z_{i\cdot }-Z_{\cdot ...
Analysis of the HA or HI results relies on a qualified individual to read the plate and determine the titer values. The manual interpretation method introduces more opportunities for discrepancies in the assay because results can be subjective and the agreement between human readers is inconsistent. [14]
Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a non-verbal test typically used to measure general human intelligence and abstract reasoning and is regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid intelligence. [1] It is one of the most common tests administered to both groups and individuals ranging from 5-year ...
In statistics, an augmented Dickey–Fuller test ( ADF) tests the null hypothesis that a unit root is present in a time series sample. The alternative hypothesis is different depending on which version of the test is used, but is usually stationarity or trend-stationarity.