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Sheehan's syndrome, also known as postpartum pituitary gland necrosis, occurs when the pituitary gland is damaged due to significant blood loss and hypovolemic shock (ischemic necrosis) usually during or after childbirth leading to decreased functioning of the pituitary gland ( hypopituitarism ). [1] The pituitary gland is an endocrine organ ...
A prolactinoma is a tumor ( adenoma) of the pituitary gland that produces the hormone prolactin. It is the most common type of functioning pituitary tumor. [1] Symptoms of prolactinoma are due to abnormally high levels of prolactin in the blood ( hyperprolactinemia ), or due to pressure of the tumor on surrounding brain tissue and/or the optic ...
Pituitary adenoma. Pituitary adenomas are tumors that occur in the pituitary gland. Most pituitary tumors are benign, approximately 35% are invasive and just 0.1% to 0.2% are carcinomas. [1] Pituitary adenomas represent from 10% to 25% of all intracranial neoplasms and the estimated prevalence rate in the general population is approximately 17%.
A craniopharyngioma is a rare type of brain tumor derived from pituitary gland embryonic tissue that occurs most commonly in children, but also affects adults. It may present at any age, even in the prenatal and neonatal periods, but peak incidence rates are childhood-onset at 5–14 years and adult-onset at 50–74 years.
Manage abnormal hormone levels [1] Empty sella syndrome is the condition when the pituitary gland shrinks or becomes flattened, filling the sella turcica with cerebrospinal fluid instead of the normal pituitary. [2] It can be discovered as part of the diagnostic workup of pituitary disorders, or as an incidental finding when imaging the brain.
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor. An atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor ( AT/RT) is a rare tumor usually diagnosed in childhood. Although usually a brain tumor, AT/RT can occur anywhere in the central nervous system (CNS), including the spinal cord. About 60% will be in the posterior cranial fossa (particularly the cerebellum ).
Brenner tumours are an uncommon subtype of the surface epithelial-stromal tumour group of ovarian neoplasms. The majority are benign, but some can be malignant. [1] They are most frequently found incidentally on pelvic examination or at laparotomy. [2] Brenner tumours very rarely can occur in other locations, including the testes.
228,800 (worldwide, 2015) [6] A brain tumor occurs when abnormal cells form within the brain. [2] There are two main types of tumors: malignant (cancerous) tumors and benign (non-cancerous) tumors. [2] These can be further classified as primary tumors, which start within the brain, and secondary tumors, which most commonly have spread from ...
Autoimmune hypophysitis (or lymphocytic hypophysitis), inflammation of the pituitary gland due to autoimmunity. Nelson's syndrome, may occur after surgical removal of both adrenal glands, an out-dated method of treating Cushing's disease. Pituitary tumour, a tumor of the pituitary gland. Pituitary adenoma, a noncancerous tumor of the pituitary ...
Dexamethasone is an exogenous steroid that provides negative feedback to the pituitary gland to suppress the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Specifically, dexamethasone binds to glucocorticoid receptors in the anterior pituitary gland, which lie outside the blood–brain barrier, resulting in regulatory modulation.