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Flow Shop Ordonnancement. Flow-shop scheduling is an optimization problem in computer science and operations research.It is a variant of optimal job scheduling.In a general job-scheduling problem, we are given n jobs J 1, J 2, ..., J n of varying processing times, which need to be scheduled on m machines with varying processing power, while trying to minimize the makespan – the total length ...
The year 2000 problem, also commonly known as the year 2000 bug, Y2K problem, Y2K scare, millennium bug, Y2K bug, Y2K glitch, Y2K error, or simply Y2K, refers to potential computer errors related to the formatting and storage of calendar data for dates in and after the year 2000. Many programs represented four-digit years with only the final ...
Wicked problem. In planning and policy, a wicked problem is a problem that is difficult or impossible to solve because of incomplete, contradictory, and changing requirements that are often difficult to recognize. It refers to an idea or problem that cannot be fixed, where there is no single solution to the problem; and "wicked" denotes ...
Collective action problem. A collective action problem or social dilemma is a situation in which all individuals would be better off cooperating but fail to do so because of conflicting interests between individuals that discourage joint action. [1] [2] [3] The collective action problem has been addressed in political philosophy for centuries ...
Sustainable development is an approach to growth and human development that aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. [1] [2] The aim is to have a society where living conditions and resources meet human needs without undermining planetary integrity.
Stable roommates problem. In mathematics, economics and computer science, particularly in the fields of combinatorics, game theory and algorithms, the stable-roommate problem ( SRP) is the problem of finding a stable matching for an even-sized set. A matching is a separation of the set into disjoint pairs ("roommates").
Square-difference-free set. In mathematics, a square-difference-free set is a set of natural numbers, no two of which differ by a square number. Hillel Furstenberg and András Sárközy proved in the late 1970s the Furstenberg–Sárközy theorem of additive number theory showing that, in a certain sense, these sets cannot be very large.
The term "First order" comes from the fact that the energy gain per shock crossing is proportional to , the velocity of the shock divided by the speed of light. The injection problem. A mystery of first order Fermi processes is the injection problem. In the environment of a shock, only particles with energies that exceed the thermal energy by ...