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Cortical damage, particularly cerebral lesions, can cause loss of the menace reflex while leaving the other blink reflexes, such as the dazzle reflex, unaffected. The presence or absence of the menace reflex, in combination with other reflexes, indicates a locus of damage.
Glare can be generally divided into two types, discomfort glare and disability glare. [1] Discomfort glare is a psychological sensation caused by high brightness (or brightness contrast) within the field of view, which does not necessarily impair vision. [2]
Presumptive tests, in medical and forensic science, analyze a sample and establish one of the following: The sample is definitely not a certain substance. The sample probably is the substance. For example, the Kastle–Meyer test will show either that a sample is not blood or that the sample is probably blood but may be a less common substance.
Flash blindness is caused by bleaching (oversaturation) of the retinal pigment. [2] As the pigment returns to normal, so too does sight. In daylight the eye's pupil constricts, thus reducing the amount of light entering after a flash.
In statistical hypothesis testing, a result has statistical significance when a result at least as "extreme" would be very infrequent if the null hypothesis were true.
In evidence-based medicine, likelihood ratios are used for assessing the value of performing a diagnostic test. They use the sensitivity and specificity of the test to determine whether a test result usefully changes the probability that a condition (such as a disease state) exists.
Dazzle reflex is a type of reflex blink where the eyelids involuntarily blink in response to a sudden bright light ( glare ). Neurological pathways for the dazzle reflex involve subcortical pathways, such as the supraoptic nucleus and superior colliculus.
Test-retest reliability assesses the degree to which test scores are consistent from one test administration to the next. Measurements are gathered from a single rater who uses the same methods or instruments and the same testing conditions.
For the findings of a study to be reproducible means that results obtained by an experiment or an observational study or in a statistical analysis of a data set should be achieved again with a high degree of reliability when the study is replicated.
World War II US Navy dazzle camouflage measures 31, 32 and 33: aircraft carriers. Dazzle camouflage of warships was adopted by the U.S. Navy during World War II, following research at the Naval Research Laboratory. Dazzle consists in painting obtrusive patterns on vertical surfaces.