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Random number generators are important in many kinds of technical applications, including physics, engineering or mathematical computer studies (e.g., Monte Carlo simulations), cryptography and gambling (on game servers ). This list includes many common types, regardless of quality or applicability to a given use case.
Wikipedia:Random. WP:RAN. On Wikipedia and other sites running on MediaWiki, Special:Random can be used to access a random article in the main namespace; this feature is useful as a tool to generate a random article.
A pseudorandom number generator (PRNG), also known as a deterministic random bit generator (DRBG), is an algorithm for generating a sequence of numbers whose properties approximate the properties of sequences of random numbers.
Random number generation is a process by which, often by means of a random number generator (RNG), a sequence of numbers or symbols that cannot be reasonably predicted better than by random chance is generated. This means that the particular outcome sequence will contain some patterns detectable in hindsight but impossible to foresee.
Random seed. A random seed (or seed state, or just seed) is a number (or vector) used to initialize a pseudorandom number generator . For a seed to be used in a pseudorandom number generator, it does not need to be random.
Nuremberg Code. The Nuremberg Code ( German: Nürnberger Kodex) is a set of ethical research principles for human experimentation created by the court in U.S. v Brandt, one of the Subsequent Nuremberg trials that were held after the Second World War . Though it was articulated as part of the court's verdict in the trial, the Code would later ...
unsigned uniform (unsigned m); /* Returns a random integer 0 <= uniform(m) <= m-1 with uniform distribution */ void initialize_and_permute (unsigned permutation [], unsigned n) {unsigned i; for (i = 0; i <= n-2; i ++) {unsigned j = i + uniform (n-i); /* A random integer such that i ≤ j < n */ swap (permutation [i], permutation [j]); /* Swap ...
Multiplexing. Code-division multiple access ( CDMA) is a channel access method used by various radio communication technologies. CDMA is an example of multiple access, where several transmitters can send information simultaneously over a single communication channel. This allows several users to share a band of frequencies (see bandwidth ).
Applications of randomness. Randomness has many uses in science, art, statistics, cryptography, gaming, gambling, and other fields. For example, random assignment in randomized controlled trials helps scientists to test hypotheses, and random numbers or pseudorandom numbers help video games such as video poker .
In coding theory, a linear code is an error-correcting code for which any linear combination of codewords is also a codeword. Linear codes are traditionally partitioned into block codes and convolutional codes, although turbo codes can be seen as a hybrid of these two types. [1]